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The First Continental Congress convened on September 5, 1774, marking a pivotal moment in American colonial history. Fifty-six delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies gathered at Carpenters’ Hall in Philadelphia to address the growing tensions with Great Britain and respond to the Intolerable Acts that threatened colonial autonomy.
Historical Context and Motivation

The Congress emerged as a direct response to the British Parliament’s punitive measures against the American colonies. Following the Boston Tea Party in 1773, the British government enacted a series of restrictive laws known as the Coercive Acts, which: - Closed the port of Boston - Removed Massachusetts’ right to self-governance - Allowed British officials to be tried in Britain for crimes committed in the colonies - Required colonists to quarter British troops
Delegates and Representation

| Colony | Notable Delegates |
|---|---|
| Virginia | George Washington, Patrick Henry |
| Massachusetts | John Adams, Samuel Adams |
| Pennsylvania | John Dickinson |
| New York | John Jay |

Peyton Randolph of Virginia was elected as the first president of the Continental Congress, setting the stage for a unified colonial response to British oppression.
Key Achievements

During the seven-week session, the Congress accomplished several critical objectives: - Drafted the Articles of Association, which called for a boycott of British goods - Created a Declaration of Rights outlining colonial grievances - Developed a formal petition to King George III - Planned for a Second Continental Congress in May 1775 if grievances were not addressed
Economic Strategy

The Continental Association implemented a powerful economic weapon against British rule. By December 1, 1774, the colonies would: - Cease importing British goods - Halt the slave trade - Prepare local committees to enforce the boycott
Remarkably, this strategy proved incredibly effective. British imports to America dropped by 97 percent in 1775, demonstrating the colonies’ economic resolve.
Long-Term Impact

While the delegates did not initially seek independence, the First Continental Congress laid the groundwork for the American Revolution. The meeting represented a crucial step towards colonial unity and resistance, ultimately setting the stage for the Declaration of Independence less than two years later.
Where did the First Continental Congress meet?

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The First Continental Congress met at Carpenters’ Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Which colonies were represented?

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Twelve of the thirteen colonies were represented, with Georgia being the only colony absent.
What was the primary goal of the First Continental Congress?

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To develop a unified colonial response to the Intolerable Acts and petition King George III for redress of grievances.