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Nestled in the southeastern Netherlands, Volkel Air Base stands as a critical strategic military installation with a rich and complex history spanning decades of military operations. Originally constructed under Nazi occupation in 1940, the airbase has transformed from a Luftwaffe diversion field to a pivotal NATO strategic asset, now serving as a key base for the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force (RNLASF).
Historical Origins and Wartime Transformation
In August 1940, during the German occupation, three unpaved runways and several hangars were initially built at the site. The Luftwaffe first used these runways as a diversion field, providing an alternative landing site when other bases like Gilze-Rijen and Eindhoven were under attack. By 1943, the Germans had permanently established a fighter aircraft base at Volkel.
A significant turning point came in September 1944 when Allied forces carried out heavy bombardments on the airfield during Operation Market Garden. The extensive damage rendered the airfield unusable for the Luftwaffe. After liberation, the British Royal Air Force (RAF) took control, using the base to support the Allied advance into Germany with Hawker Typhoon and Tempest aircraft.
Post-War Development and NATO Integration
In 1951, the Royal Netherlands Air Force designated Volkel as the First Tactical Airbase in the Netherlands. The base underwent significant modernization, establishing four flying squadrons and transitioning through various aircraft generations:
- 1950s: Lockheed T-33 and Republic F-84 aircraft
- 1965-1982: Lockheed F-104 Starfighter
- 1982-2022: F-16 Fighting Falcon
- 2022-Present: F-35A Lightning II
Strategic Nuclear Capabilities
Volkel Air Base gained international attention for its nuclear weapons storage. Confirmed by former Prime Minister Ruud Lubbers in 2013, the base hosts approximately 22 B61 nuclear bombs. In May 2024, the Netherlands became the first European country to transition its nuclear strike role from F-16 to F-35A aircraft, significantly enhancing NATO’s nuclear deterrence capabilities.
Current Military Units and Missions
Today, Volkel Air Base hosts several critical units:
- No. 312 Squadron: Performs air support and air defense tasks
- No. 313 Squadron: Specifically tasked with nuclear attack role
- No. 640 Squadron: Responsible for base security and air traffic control
- 703rd Munitions Support Squadron: United States Air Force unit supporting NATO operations
Operational Capabilities
The base features two parallel runways, both approximately 3,020 meters long. The primary runway (06L/24R) is 45 meters wide and equipped with an instrument landing system, capable of handling larger aircraft. Beyond military operations, Volkel also supports a trauma helicopter for medical assistance and local law enforcement aviation needs.
In recent years, Volkel has undergone significant infrastructure upgrades, including enhanced nuclear weapons storage facilities and improved operational security measures. The base plays a crucial role in the Benelux region's air defense, participating in joint air surveillance missions with Belgium and Luxembourg.
What is the primary mission of Volkel Air Base?
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Volkel Air Base provides air support, air defense, and nuclear deterrence capabilities for NATO, primarily using F-35A Lightning II aircraft.
When did Volkel Air Base transition to F-35 aircraft?
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The 313 Squadron at Volkel began transitioning to F-35A aircraft in 2022, completing the shift from F-16 Fighting Falcons.
Does Volkel Air Base host nuclear weapons?
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Yes, Volkel Air Base stores approximately 22 B61 nuclear bombs as part of NATO's nuclear sharing agreement, confirmed by former Dutch Prime Minister Ruud Lubbers in 2013.
From its origins as a wartime airfield to its current status as a cutting-edge NATO strategic base, Volkel Air Base exemplifies the Netherlands’ commitment to collective defense and technological innovation in military aviation.